ADDIE & Other Instruction Design Models

ADDIE Resources: 

1. Hodell, C. (2006) Instructional Systems Development. Silver Spring, MD: ASTD.
Chapter 1: Basics of Instructional Systems Development, pgs 1-19
Offers a nice summary of the ADDIE model. Also contains a good ADDIE checklist.

2. Clark, D. (2011). ADDIE Timeline. Retrieved from: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_isd/addie.html
Offers a historical overview of ADDIE model.

ADDIE: Tips and Best Practices (from #1 Resource by Hodell)

ANALYSIS.
Questions to answer:

• Does a problem exist that can be appropriately addressed by training?
• What goals and objectives should the training address?
• What resources are available for the project?
• Who requires the training and what are their needs (education levels, cultural influences, language skills, learning styles, levels of participants’ motivation, organizational political streams, relevant past experience with the subject matter, and preferred delivery methods)?
• What additional data is needed to successfully complete the project?

Methods used to gather this information:

• Surveys
• Focus groups
• Materials review
• Subject matter expert panels
• Existing programs review
• Internet and Web-based searches

 
DESIGN.
Steps to take:

• Prepare instructional objectives
• Develop instructional evaluation techniques and tasks
• Develop a program evaluation plan
• Develop the sequence and structure of the course
• Prepare logic and objectives maps
• Determine and prepare draft copies of necessary materials

* The design plan contains a "working map for the project. This will serve as the
blueprint for developing the training..." (pg. 7)

DEVELOPMENT.
Steps to take:

• Prepare all participant and instructor materials for the course
• Prepare all support materials including audio, video, and other media
• Program any computer-based materials
• Field or beta test the project

*"The project moves from the blueprint to construction
stage using the design plan as a guide" (pg. 7)

IMPLEMENTATION.
Steps to take:

• Put into service
• Evaluate by learners, facilitators, and funders
• Change, restructure, or improve as necessary

EVALUATION.
Steps to take:

• Confirm that all subject matter is correct and reviewed by SMEs
• Consult with stakeholders to ensure adherence to established project goals
• Adhere to the design plan and procure sign-off on all critical design elements
• Review and act on all evaluations from participants, facilitators, and other end users of the project
• Ensure quality control of the process by constant and thorough evaluation of all remaining project elements

*"While the evaluation element of the ADDIE model appears to be the last function, in reality, evaluation takes place at every point throughout the ISD process" (pg. 8)

Other Instructional Design Models Resources: 

While ADDIE is one of the most often used models, there are over 100 other models (Boetthcher et al --see below). Some of the other models include:

Dick and Carey Model 
http://elearningcurve.edublogs.org/2009/06/09/discovering-instructional-design-10-the-dick-and-carey-model/

According to the elearningcurve blog, Dick and Carey Model breaks down instructional design into nine phases:

1. Determine the instructional goal
2. Analyze the instructional goal
3. Analyze the learners and contexts
4. Write performance objectives
5. Develop assessment instruments
6. Develop instructional strategy
7. Design and conduct formative evaluation
8. Revise instruction
9. Undertake summative evaluation

Kemp
http://elearningcurve.edublogs.org/2009/06/10/discovering-instructional-design-11-the-kemp-model/

Unlike Dick and Carey, this model is non-linear. Elements can be completed in any sequence. The model advocates for constant "planning, design, development and assessment to ensure effective instruction." This model is described as a "holistic approach" to instructional design. It is designed with the classroom teacher in mind who may not have formal ISD training.

ICARE
http://elearningcurve.edublogs.org/2009/06/11/discovering-instructional-design-12-the-icare-model/

This model uses designed templates that academics could follow who had little experience in ISD. It is particularly helpful for those designing e-learning courses. 

Middlesex University in the UK modified the ICARE model for their Global Campus initiative. The model looks like this:

For Further Reading about Instructional Design Models 

1. Boetthcher, J.V., Justice, L., Schenk, K., et al (2005). Encyclopedia of Distance Learnin. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.

2. Carey, L. and Dick, W. (2004). The Systematic Design of Instruction (6th Ed.). Allyn & Bacon. Mager, R.

3. Mager, R. (1988). Making Instruction Work. Belmont, CA: Lake Publishing Co.

4. Kemp, J. E., Morrison, G. R., & Ross, S. V. (2004). Design effective instruction, (4th Ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons

5. Mojab, D. & Huyck, C. (2001). The Global Campus at Middlesex University: A Model for E-Learning. [Internet] Available from: http://www.cwa.mdx.ac.uk/chris/draft6.doc Retrieved 3 June 2009